பக்கங்கள்

சனி, 30 மார்ச், 2019

RESOLUTIONS PASSED IN THE STATE LEVEL CONFERENCE OF DRAVIDAR KAZHAGAM

RESOLUTIONS PASSED IN THE STATE LEVEL CONFERENCE OF DRAVIDAR KAZHAGAM held Thanjavur on the 23rd February, 2019



Entrance ambience of the Conference Venue


LOK SABHA POLLS AND
DUTIES OF VOTERS


This Conference would like to call on that the NDA Government under the leadership of Narendra Modi should be defeated for the following reasons:

(a) For the activities against the principles of Social Justice and Secularism enshrined in the Constitution of India,

*   Particularly removal of the word ‘secularism’ in the advertisement released by the Government on the eve of the Republic Day celebrations,

*    Provision of 10 per cent reservation to the people belonging to economically weaker sections among forward castes which do not find a place in the Directive Principles of the Constitution,

*   Acting, propagating and prescribing of syllabus of educational institutions with a religious fanatic mentality and against the scientific spirit,

*    In the name of cow protection, an ideology of Hindutva, prevention of eating beef by people, making call to form a Hindu Rashtra and a Ram Rajya,

*   Even Central Ministers openly making propaganda of these activities, and,

*    Instigation of violence and creating riots against the people belonging to the minority communities which are against the secular principles of the Constitution.

(b)  Conduct of ‘NEET’ examination, ‘NET’ examination and Teachers’ Eligibility Test (TET) which sound a death knell to the principle of Social Justice,

*    Saffronisation of education following the principle of professional education system of Varnasrama Dharma in the name of National Education Policy, Gurukul System of Education, and imposition of Sanskrit and Hindi,

*    Imposing the ideology of Hindutva of one-nation, one language and one culture theory of the R.S.S.,

(c) Perpetuation of violence against the people belonging to the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, refusing to protect  victimised people under  the Act to Prevent Atrocities to the SCs and the STs and  perpetuation of sexual violence against women,

(d) Failure to fulfil the electoral promise made to create employment opportunities for 2 crores of people every year,

(e) Great erosion in the economic development of the country, decline  in the value of rupee, demonetisation of  higher value currencies,  introduction of GST system, and the steep increase in the cost of living and the closure of  small scale and tiny sectors due to the introduction of  these measures, increase in the number of unemployed people and  adoption of policies which favour Multi National Corporations (MNCs) and Hindu religious institutions and writing off of bad debts to the tune of 2.4 lakh crores granted to corporates. Is it not an irony to call ‘demonetisation’ measure as bringing out black money which helped only in money laundering?

10 years after the earlier economic depression, India is facing a severe economic crisis. In 2008, India had to face economic slowdown due to the international economic depression. But India could overcome this crisis with the self-sufficiency created in agriculture and manufacturing sector.

But now when the economic condition of the other countries of the world has improved a lot, the economy of our country is toddling and our financial problems and burdens seem to be unredeemable.

The growth of GDP for the year 2014-15 was 8.01 per cent when Narendra Modi took charge of the Prime Ministership from Dr. Manmohan Singh and the growth has slowed down in the subsequent years of Modi rule and stands at 7.2 per cent in the year 2018. This slow down is expected to continue in this 2019 year also.

(f) Due to the neglect of the problems of the farmers, suicides of farmers have increased and similarly the rights of the workers were also stripped.

(g) Undertaking anti-democratic activities against the democratically elected State governments by appointing people from R.S.S. as Governors of the States where the BJP is not in power.

(h) Autocratic, fascist and excessive interventions of the Central Government in the independent functioning  of the Constitutional  institutions like Election Commission, Reserve Bank of India, Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Central Information Commission, Central Auditor General’s office, Economic Enforcement Wing etc.

(i) Totally disregarding the wishes of the public and without respecting their sentiments, forcing industrial projects like Methane, Hydrocarbon, Sterlite and Neutrino to aid multi-national companies in amassing wealth,  which will harm the environment and the livelihood of the people; taking a one sided stand in the problem of the distribution of river water among the states with an eye on the electoral benefits; people forced to agitate to secure their due legal rights repressed thro’ State government law enforcing agencies; branding them as terrorists and anti-nationals and imprisoning them under the National Security Act.

A Prime Minister who is not prepared to meet even Chief Ministers of the non-BJP ruled States is approaching each and every issue or problem with partisan view. It is obvious that the BJP Government at the Centre is out and out a fascist government. This Conference would like to request the voters to be cautious and defeat such fascist BJP Government and its allies by casting their votes against them in the coming 2019 Election to Lok Sabha.

This Conference would like to request all voters including the youth, students, and women to work vigorously in the election field to defeat this fascist regime of the BJP

The AIADMK Government of Tamil Nadu, which has not shown even a little concern and taken any action to get assent of the President of India for the two Bills passed by the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly requesting to abolish the system of conducting NEET examinations, acting as a slave to the BJP Central Government abiding by their decisions has also to be removed from power.

This conference unanimously requests the voters to support the United Progressive Alliance by casting their votes for it and defeat BJP and its alliance in the forthcoming Lok Sabha elections.

ERADICATION OF CASTE AND UNTOUCHABILITY


Abolition of untouchability has been enshrined in Article 17 of the Constitution of India. As the root cause for untouchability is the caste system, fighting against untouchability, without fighting against caste system, is like fighting with the shadow. ‘Untouchability is abolished’ as envisaged in Article 17 of the Constitution of India should be replaced with the words ‘Caste is abolished’. This Conference emphatically insists the Government of India to bring a Constitutional Amendment to this effect.

This Conference again reiterates the resolution passed for removing the social degradation of Tamils, in the Conference held under the Presidentship of Thanthai Periyar in Periyar Thidal, Chennai on 8 and 9 December, 1973.

RESERVATION TO THE CHILDREN BORN OF INTER CASTE MARRIAGE IS A MUST




Arriving leader Asiriyar Dr. K.Veeramani, greeted by the cadres.


*   This Conference points out to the State and Central Governments that just like using a small amount of poison with the medicines to save the lives of patients, the criterion of caste should be used to secure reservations in education, employment and promotion and it should not be used for any other purpose or identification.

*  This Conference enjoins that while issuing Community Certificates, mention has to be made only whether the individual belongs to Backward Class or the Scheduled Caste or the Scheduled Tribe and no specific mention of their caste in the Certificate is needed.

*   This Conference entreats that the children born of inter caste marriages should be declared as casteless and reservation in education and employment should be provided to them. When the quantum of reservation under this mode goes on increasing, the quantum of reservation now being given on the basis of their caste will gradually decrease. This Conference emphatically requests the Central Government to bring suitable Constitutional Amendment in this respect.

*   Separate habitations or colonies exclusively for the people of the Scheduled Castes should not be constructed, as such habitations will segregate them from other people of the society. This Conference requests the Central and State Governments to create an environment in which people of all castes are living together without any caste difference.

*   A Government Order passed in the year 1978 stipulates that no roads, streets or towns or villages should be named after a particular caste. This Conference insists the Tamil Nadu Government to implement this order in full.

*   When the G.O. No. 28 of Urban Development Department, Government of Tamil Nadu specifically stipulates that no religious worship symbols must find place in Periyar Memorial Samathuvapurams, in places like Senbagaraman Pudur in Kanyakumari District, temples has been constructed. Even after this matter has been taken to the notice of the Collector of the District and the Chief Secretary to the Government of Tamil Nadu, no action has been taken so far. This is highly objectionable. It is resolved in the Conference to seek judicial remedy for this problem.

*   This Conference insists that just like creation of special police cells to detect the cases relating to the theft of idols from temples, special police cells have to be created to prevent religious or caste conflicts and riots arising among people.

*    This Conference welcomes the system of a male and a female who have attained proper age getting married. This Conference insists both genders of youth to treat the word ‘Arrogant Killing’ as brutal and barbarian.

*    This Conference requests the youth to give priority to the inter caste marriages, widow marriages and marriage of divorcees.

*   This Conference resolves to request the progressive minded people to come forward to create an infrastructure to provide organisational level protection to people getting married through inter caste marriages.

*   Two tumblers system in tea stalls, separate burial or cremation grounds and obstacles in using the roads leading to them by people of all castes and manual removal of night soil continuing even after 72 years of Independence is a matter of shame.

*    Having in mind the tenet of Thanthai Periyar that freedom is intended only for men and women and not for the soil, the system of giving inferior status to the people, denying them equality, human rights and freedom must be eradicated totally.  This Conference emphatically insists that speedy steps should be taken to pass suitable legislations required and requests the Central and State Governments to give priority to this matter.

*    This Conference insists the Central and State Governments to create and prescribe text books and syllabus to inculcate the thinking about the abolition of caste system and untouchability, creating a sense of equality and inculcating the spirit of humanism in the minds of children even from their younger age.

*   The practice of wearing wrist threads of different colour to identify the caste of the people is a demeaning act and should be stopped forthwith. This Conference requests the State Government, particularly the education department, to take suitable action against the persons responsible for this practice.

TRAINED PERSONS OF ALL CASTES MUST BE APPOINTED AS ‘ARCHAKAS’ IN TEMPLES


Consequent to the last agitation Thanthai Periyar announced in his lifetime insisting the rights of people of all castes to serve as priests in Hindu temples, legislation was brought in the rule of the DMK under the leadership of Manamigu Kalaignar M.Karunanidhi and the Supreme Court of India also has upheld the constitutional validity of this Act. The left front Communist government of Kerala has appointed ‘Archakas’ belonging to all castes in more than 60 temples. Thiru. Marisamy, belonging to the Backward Class was appointed as ‘Archaka’ in the temple of Ayyappa in Thallakulam of Madurai in Tamil Nadu.

This Conference strongly insists the Government of Tamil Nadu to immediately appoint the 200 ‘Archakas’, already trained and belonging to various castes, awaiting appointment. This Conference also insists the Tamil Nadu Government to ensure continuous functioning of the training centers.

THE NEED FOR ENCOURAGEMENT AND SUPPORT TO BE GIVEN FOR THE GROWTH AND ACTIVITIES OF THE TAMIL CLASSICAL LANGUAGE


To proclaim to world over the antiquity of Tamil language and the trove of literature available in our language and to create awareness regarding the greatness of the Tamil language to the people whose mother tongue is Tamil, to enable the Tamil language develop itself according to the need and change of times, the status of the ‘classical language’ was awarded to Tamil, by the UPA government at the Centre, due to the incessant efforts of Manamigu Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi, Classical Tamil Language Research Centre was established in Tharamani of Chennai. A scheme of preliminary planning was chalked out with a farsighted purpose to publish ancient literatures, to translate them in other languages and to draw a research scheme to undertake research about the history of Tamil Grammar, ancientness of the language and the customs and practices Tamil people were following.

It gives great pain and concern that not even a single project has been undertaken in this direction for the past 11 years. No one was appointed as Permanent Director for this Institute from the day of its inception. Even persons appointed on temporary basis are Professors of Engineering Faculty, which is in no way connected with the Classical Tamil Language. This shows the indifferent attitude of the Central Government towards Classical Tamil Language.

The Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu is the head of this Classical Tamil Research Institute. Whether the Chief Minister knows the existence of such an Institute itself is under question mark.

On the other side, the Central Government is giving all sorts of encouragement and support for the imposition and development of Sanskrit and Hindi and huge amounts of grants were allotted for them.

This Conference enjoins the  Government of Tamil Nadu to  wake up at least at this stage and insist the Government of India to undertake activities to fulfil the purpose for which this institution was  created and for its development.

Instead of acting with a step-motherly attitude, not understanding the historical fact that India is a multi-linguistic and multi racial sub-continent, this Conference would like to emphatically insist the Government of India to show due respect and importance to the ancient Tamil language and act accordingly.

ENSURING THE RIGHTFUL LIFE OF EELAM TAMILS




Women cadres marching in the procession holding burning urns.


As a result of the horrendous war against them in 2009, the lives of the Eelam Tamils have been totally devastated. Even 10 years after the war, there has been no sign of development in the lives of the Eelam Tamils. Nor have their rights been restored. In spite of the UN order for an enquiry on the war criminals responsible for the genocide, no action has been taken on it. It is not only shocking, but has led to the loss of faith in the UN. At this stage, the coming together of Mahinda Rajabaksa and   Maithripala Sirisena has created a scare among the Eelam Tamils and the human right activists.

The Government of India conducts itself in a manner as if the problem is no concern of theirs. Tamils all over the world are shocked whether nothing better will happen to them. This Conference calls upon all the Tamils to raise their voice aloud, transcending boundaries of parties and territories, and to bring pressure on the government concerned to protect their rights.

TAMIL NADU FISHERMEN FACING REGULAR TORTURE NEED A PERMANENT SOLUTION


Though the BJP loudly proclaimed that a permanent solution to the Tamil Nadu fishermen’s problem would be found, once they assumed power, they remain unconcerned about the problem. Brutalities like fishermen are being taken to custody and their boats and nets being destroyed continue. This Conference holds that the only solution is change of government. It requests the fishermen brothers of Tamil Nadu to think about it and take a sound decision in this direction.

RELEASE OF LIFE TIME CONVICTS




Black Shirt cadres march, lifting the party flags.


Though the Supreme Court of India has twice delivered judgments that the seven members Messers Perarivalan, Murugan, Santhan, Ravichandran, Robert Pyus, Jeyakumar and Nalini, who were convicted in a murder case,  languishing for more than 27 years in prison should be released,  and though the Tamil Nadu Government have accepted the verdict and recommended the early release of these convicts, the matter is being delayed by the Governor of Tamil Nadu and the Central Government without taking any decision. This Conference strongly condemns the Governor of Tamil Nadu and the Central Government for this. If this issue is delayed any further, it would amount to the non-compliance of the directions of the Supreme Court, neglecting the rights of the State Government and total negligence of humanity. This Conference prevails upon the concerned authorities to give up such inhuman approach.

9 (A). MARRIAGE AGE FOR WOMEN

This Conference would like to emphasise the need for conceding the right to women themselves to fix the age, in any case after 18, for their marriage on the basis of their education and employment.

9 (B). WOMEN AND WORSHIP

This Conference would like to emphasise that equal rights should be given to women to worship in temples and  right to become ‘Archakas’ (priests) in all religious places of worship like that of the rights enjoyed by men.

9 (C) . SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN – SELF PROTECTION

This Conference insists the Central and State Governments to give proper physical training and mental training in the educational institutions to women to safeguard and to protect themselves from sexual assaults of men and if necessary even to initiate attack, and they should also be taught to use guns and gun permits should be given to them on priority basis.

This Conference insists that steps should be taken to provide sex education to both boys and girls at the proper age.

ARCHEOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND CENTRAL GOVERNMENT


The findings of the archeological excavations undertaken in Adichanallur during the British regime in 1876 have not been published so far. Similarly the excavations undertaken in Keezhadi near Sivaganga have been stopped in the middle without proceeding further. This Conference would like to declare emphatically that the mischief of the Brahminical point of view is the sole reason for the hurdles, as they want to hide the findings of this survey and as they are likely to reveal the ancient culture, high standard of living and other similar superior aspects of the Dravidian people who lived in ancient times. This Conference emphatically insists that the report of the excavation of Adichanallur should be published immediately without any further delay and the excavation works at Keezhadi should be continued. The State Government of Tamil Nadu should give pressure to the Central Government to take immediate action in this regard.  The description of the national leaders of the RSS that the civilisation which prevailed in Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa is Hindu civilisation, is a gross misrepresentation of facts.

OPPOSITION FOR IMPOSING
HINDI – SANSKRIT


BJP Government is imposing Hindi – Sanskrit in all Departments in a preplanned manner. In respect of Tamil Nadu, it is a burning issue of language imposition of Hindi and Sanskrit. This conference warns that this is a dangerous step and calls for its total discontinuance.

ALL THE REGIONAL LANGUAGES TO BE MADE CENTRAL OFFICIAL LANGUAGES


This conference beseeches the Central Government that all the languages in the VIII Schedule of the Constitution of India may be made the official languages of India.

This conference enjoins that Tamil should be made the language of the High Court of Madras.

CHANGE OF NAMES FROM SANSKRIT TO TAMIL


The existing names of villages, towns, streets and roads in Uttar Pradesh are being replaced by the BJP State Government with Hindutva and Saffronised names. This Conference requests the Government of Tamil Nadu to replace the names of places in Sanskrit with the Tamil names, which were once changed from Tamil to Sanskrit.

This Conference requests the people of Tamil Nadu that only Tamil names should be given to the children born to people whose mother tongue is Tamil.

CAUVERY WATER – FORSAKEN TAMIL NADU AND SOLUTIONS THREIN




Cadres of Periyar Social Protection Wing in disciplined march.


Speaking about the unity and Indian Nationalism on one hand, the tendency of undermining the rights of a State by another State is increasing day by day.

The water from the river Cauvery is the life line for the agricultural sector of Tamil Nadu and to meet the drinking water supply of people of the State. With very great concern and anguish this Conference would like to point out that whichever party comes to power in Karnataka State, the tendency of depriving of water to Tamil Nadu has become a continuous story. Even the decisions of the Cauvery Tribunal and the Supreme Court were not complied with by the Government of Karnataka on so many occasions. This shows that the Government of Karnataka is not prepared to abide by any legal decisions.

Even after the judgment of the Supreme Court that Karnataka or Tamil Nadu should not construct any new dams on the river Cauvery without the permission of the Court; all the decisions in the matter of distribution of Cauvery water among the States will be taken only by the Tribunal; and even the Central Government is not empowered to interfere in this matter; the Government of Karnataka has prepared a plan to construct a dam in Mekedatu and the Government of India has given the technical and cost approval for this project. The Supreme Court’s judgment in favour of activities of the Government of Karnataka is shocking.

This Conference expresses the great agony prevailing in the minds of the people of Tamil Nadu for being deprived of a reasonable and justifiable support from all corners including the Government of India and the Supreme Court.

This Conference unanimously requests all the political parties, other organisations and people cutting across their party leanings to unite and stand as a single force to defeat the design of the Karnataka Government to deprive the share of water of Cauvery River for which it is legally entitled.

15 (A). THE INCREASE OF THE NORTH INDIAN POPULATION IN TAMIL NADU AND OTHER SOUTHERN STATES AND ITS RESULTS

A countrywide survey undertaken in 2011 reveals shocking facts. The number of North Indians in Southern States in 2001 was 58.2 lakhs. In 2011 it has increased to 77.5 lakhs. In the last 10 years the number of Northerners in Southern states has increased by 20 lakhs. The number of Tamils in the northern states, which was 8.2 lakhs has come down to 7.2 lakhs in 2011.

Though the reason has been said to be the readiness of the north Indian to do any type of job at a low wages, their migration in large numbers affects the employment opportunities of the local people.

This conference requests the Government of Tamil Nadu to pass an Act reserving 80 percent of employment opportunities to the local people as in the States of Maharashtra and Haryana.

It becomes necessary to take into account the fact that a large number of north Indians have a part in the acts of murder and robbery which are on the increase in Tamil Nadu. When the north Indians registers themselves as voters in large number in Tamil Nadu, it has a tendency to affect the basic culture, way of life, political and social conditions of the State. This Conference enjoins the Government of Tamil Nadu to take all these facts into consideration and pass an Act to control the entry of north Indians in Tamil Nadu.

15(B). ENCROACHMENT IN BUSINESS – GRABBING OF EMPLOYMENT BY NORTH INDIANS

Business establishments and industries are ever increasing all over Tamil Nadu, starting from the capital of Tamil Nadu to all villages, North Indians totally controlling it. Previously in Chennai – Sowcarpet alone was under their control, now it spreads all over Tamil Nadu in toto.

Going beyond settling down and trade, there is the inherent danger of this causing the cultural invasion and political interference. Under the cloak of Indian Nationalism, the identity and culture of the States are trampled upon. The conference stresses the urgency in finding a solution for this factor.

GIVE UP ANTI-PEOPLE ACTIVITIES




Caravan, carrying the portraits of the leaders holding the flexi banners, narrating the social changes brought by DK.


This Conference insists the Central Government to give up all the anti-people activities such as the starting of the Sterlite factory in Tuticorin, Neutrino Project, and Methane Gas Extraction Project which earned the wrath of the public. The State Government is also requested to respect the sentiments of people and act accordingly.

BAN CONTRACT LABOUR


Contract labour is a mode of exploitation of labourers. The norm of regularising a person who has put in 240 days of work is overlooked and workers remain contract labourers even after putting in 20 years of work particularly in BHEL, Thiruverumbur.

Workers including graduates having worked for more than 20 years are made to continue as contract workers. When courts decree that they must be made permanent, the management appeals against the decree at the expense of the government revealing the anti-labour mentality of the organisation. This Conference calls upon the Central Government to bring about a constitutional amendment for complete abolition of the mode of contract labour.

REMOVE PAVEMENT TEMPLES


The Supreme Court and High Courts have passed judgments in unambiguous terms that pavement temples must be removed. When it is not complied with the Supreme Court has summoned the Chief Secretary to appear in person. It is a matter to be condemned that the governments concerned show no concern on this matter.

Under the circumstances this conference requests that the Courts concerned to suo motu introduce contempt of court proceedings. In a secular state, there should not be the symbols of any religious worship in any government institution or office. This Conference requests the State Governments to strictly enforce the rules concerned.

IMPLEMENTATION OF TOTAL PROHIBITION


Liquor drinking will degenerate the individual, family and the society. This Conference therefore insists the Central and State Governments to implement total prohibition in the country.

EDUCATION TO BE RESTORED TO STATE LIST


There was a purpose why the Constitution had left subjects such as education and health – the pillars of human development – with the State government. And that is precisely why every Indian State has its own “State Board” for school education and devises appropriate syllabi. Education cannot be taken out of the linguistic, socio-cultural and autonomous context of Indian states. In fact, the Kothari Commission that was commissioned in the 1960s to advise on education in the country, wanted education to remain with the State despite its recommendation for a nationwide standardisation.

But during Emergency, ‘Education’ was shifted to the Concurrent List. A subject in the Concurrent List makes both the Centre and the State equal partners, but given the Centre’s Constitutional upper hand, it never works that way. NEET is a classic example.

The only way to escape this absolutist injustice is to bring education back to the State List and this Conference requests the Central Government to bring in legislation to bring back the ‘Education’ to the State List in the Constitution.

LET US CELEBRATE ANNAI MANIAMMAIAR BIRTH CENTENARY IN A GRAND MANNER




Leaders witnessing the cultural programmes


Annai Maniammaiar who was a pillar of support to Thanthai Periyar and his ideology was the only woman in the history of the world to lead an atheist movement and safeguard the movement, the ideology and its institutions.

It is resolved that her birth centenary celebrations will start at Vellore on 10 March 2019 and will continue in all districts in a grand manner for a year, and conclude on 10 March 2020.

HRCE – HINDU RELIGIOUS CHARITY ENDOWMENT` BOARD PROTECTION


HRCE was formed during 1926 by the Justice Party to give protection for the Temple properties. It should not become a den of looters. This endowment law was expanded under the chairmanship of Retired Judge B.Venkataramana Naidu along with other six members. It was also justified by Sir C.P.Ramaswamy Iyer when the report was also ratified (1960-1962).

This conference appeals to the Tamil Nadu Government not to wind up the HRCE on the basis of false information by media etc.

RELEASE OF DALIT SCHOLAR
ANAND TELTUMBDE REQUESTED


Civil rights activist and Dalit scholar Anand Teltumbde was arrested on February 2, 2019 linking him to January 2018’s Bhima Koregaon violence

Ever since the present Central Government took over the reigns of power, it is taking increasingly harsh measures to suppress dissenting voices.

More than 600 international scholars, including professors from universities such as Harvard, Columbia, Yale and Oxford, have called on the Indian government to “withdraw all charges against him and to uphold democracy.”

This Conference requests the Government to release Prof. Anand Teltumbde in line with the call.

GAJA CYCLONE DISASTER CONDEMNING THE INDIFFERENT ATTITUDE OF THE CENTRE


This Conference expresses its condolence for those who lost their lives affected by the massive Gaja cyclone. Also, it admonishes the Central Government which has not extended any financial assistance to the disaster affected people.

This Conference condemns the Government of

Tamil Nadu which has failed to get the necessary assistance from the Central Government.

This Conference insists upon the BJP Government at the Centre to grant, without further delay, the financial assistance demanded by the Government of Tamil Nadu.

RESOLUTION OF FINAL CHALLENGE


We, the members of the Dravidar Kazhagam assembled in this conference, hereby swear ourselves to create a society as desired by Thanthai Periyar

*   A society where there is no discrimination among people as per Varna Dharma, Caste System or Class division

*   A society having no blind beliefs

*   A society giving equal status to both male and female

*    A society having rational outlook, sense of equality and Socialism

*   A society having self-respect and dignity

* Without any rest, without making any type of compromise, without any oscillation mind working tirelessly through propaganda and agitations under the Honourable leadership of  Tamilar Thalaivar, Manamigu Asiriyar, K.Veeramani, drawing a plan to work towards success and take it to the men and women at the tail end, especially to the youth of both the genders – taking philosophy of Thanthai Periyar to the nook and corner of the world to bloom as a flower and  to undertake to prove that the future belongs to the ideology of Thanthai Periyar.

Long Live the name and fame of
Thanthai Periyar!


Let the sense of Rationalism grow!!

Logo

29.3.2019

வெள்ளி, 29 மார்ச், 2019

President of the Dravidar Kazhagam K. Veeramani is all set to launch his campaign across the state for a fortnight beginning Tuesday.

அரசியலமைப்புச் சட்டத்தின் முகப்புக் கொள்கைகளை பா.ஜ.க. அரசு மீறி விட்டது


தேர்தல் பரப்புரை தொடங்குவதற்கு முன்பாக 'டெக்கான் கிரானிகிள்' ஆங்கில இதழுக்கு திராவிடர் கழகத் தலைவர் ஆசிரியர் கி. வீரமணி  அளித்த பேட்டி



President of the Dravidar Kazhagam K. Veeramani. -DC

A ARUL PALANI
CHENNAI, MARCH 25
President of the Dravidar Kazhagam K. Veeramani is all set to launch his campaign across the state for a fortnight beginning Tuesday. He will take part in meetings supporting candidates fielded by DMK-led Madhacharbatra Murpokku Kootani (Secular Progressive Alliance).
Before leaving for the campaign, Veeramani spoke to Deccan Chronicle. He criticised the BJP for violating the principles enshrined in the Preamble of the Constitution, and condemned the AIADMK for forming an opportunistic alliance with the BJP.
He said the RSS-backed BJP, which assumed power at the Centre in 2014, has systematically deviated from the path of previous governments, and has violated fundamental principles enshrined in the Constitution, including its Preamble.
For the past five years the Centre has failed on all fronts. The NDA government under Prime Minister Narendra Modi has caused maximum damage. The country is looking for change and effective governance, he said.
Recalling demonetisation, Veeramani said it affected everyone, including industry and production units and the unorganised sector, and major chunks of black money were laundered, defeating the object of demonetisation. Ordinary folk are suffering due to the rise in prices of essential commodities.
Talking about the current general election, he said unlike the past 16 Lok Saba elections, the 17th Lok Sabha election is unique and special since it will decide the future of the country.
This election will decide whether there will be India or Hinduia. This election will decide not only the future of the political parties, but also future of the next generation, Veeramani said.
Taking about the DMK-led Madhacharbatra Murpokku Kootani (Secular Progressive Alliance), Veeramani said the alliance is based on the common principle of working for the welfare and development of the people. However, the other alliance led by the AIADMK is an opportunistic one. Constituents in the AIADMK front have themselves confessed that the alliance was formed to get votes and win seats in the election. They have thrown all principles to the wind.
He said Dr S. Ramadoss, founder and leader of the PMK, a constituent of the AIADMK alliance, keeps on changing his stand. When it comes to aligning with the Dravidian majors Ramadoss is “inconsistently consistent”.
The Centre holds the AIADMK to ransom and threatens ministers with income tax raids and the CBI. They are stooges; a minister even went to the extent of calling Modi their ‘daddy’,
The AIADMK manifesto, Mr Veeramani said, is like resolutions passed by the party. For example, it requests the Centre to exempt students from the state from appearing in the Neet. He noted that the AIADMK lost several opportunities to mount pressure on the Centre to redress the grievances of the state on several issues, including Neet.
AIADMK MPs voted against the BJP government in the no-confidence motion moved in Parliament last year and in the election to the President of India. However, the party failed to utilise the opportunities. The state government passed two Bills related to Neet. It is not known what happened to the Bills even after the lapse of two to three years, and the Centre has not approved them. As a result, the corporate sector is benefiting from Neet, Veeramani obser ved.

(Courtesy: 'Deccan Chronicle' 26th March 2019)

தமிழாக்கம் வருமாறு:

திமுக தலைமையிலான மதச்சார்பற்ற முற்போக்குக் கூட்டணி வேட்பாளர்களை ஆதரித்துப் பரப்புரை தொடங்குவதற்கு முன்னதாக ஆசிரியர் கி. வீரமணி "டெக்கான் கிரானிகிள்" இதழுக்குப் பேட்டி யளித்தார். அப்போது அவர் அரசியலமைப்புச் சட்ட முகப் புரையில்  வலியுறுத்தப்படும் கோட்பாடுகளைப் பா.ஜ.க. புறக்கணித்து விட்டது என்று குற்றம் சாட்டினார். பா.ஜ.க.வுடன் சந்தர்ப்பவாதக் கூட்டணி அமைத்துள்ள அஇஅதிமுக வைக் கண்டித்தார்.

ஆர்.எஸ்.எஸ். ஆதரவு பெற்ற பா.ஜ.க. 2014இல் மத்திய அரசில் அதிகாரம் பெற்றதிலிருந்து முந்தைய அரசுகளின் பாதையிலிருந்து திட்டமிட்டு விலகிச் செல்கிறது. அரசியலமைப்பிலும் அதன் முகப்புரை யிலும் கண்டுள்ள அடிப்படைக் கோட்பாடுகளையும் மதிப்பதில்லை என்றார்.

கடந்த பல ஆண்டுகளில் எல்லாத் துறைகளிலும் மத்திய அரசு கண்டது தோல்வியே. மோடியின் அரசு அதிகபட்ச அழிவுக்குக் காரணமாயிருந்திருக்கிறது. நாடு மாற்றத்தையும் நல்லாட்சியையும் எதிர்பார்த்துக் காத்திருக்கிறது என்றார் அவர். நாணய மதிப்புக் குறைப்பு அனைவரையும் பாதித்திருக்கிறது. தொழில் துறை, உற்பத்தித் தொழிற்சாலைகள், மரபு சாராத தொழில்கள் அனைத்தையுமே. பெருமளவு கருப்புப் பணம் வெள்ளையாக்கப்பட்டு விட்டது. அந்தத் திட்டத்தின் நோக்கமே தோல்வியடைந்துவிட்டது. அத்தியாவசிய பொருள்களின் விலையேற்றத்தால் சாதாரண மக்கள் அவதிப்படுகிறார்கள்.

கடந்த பதினாறு நாடாளுமன்றத் தேர்தல்களைக் காட்டிலும் இந்தத் தேர்தல் பெரும் முக்கியத்துவம் பெறுகிறது. ஏனெனில் இது நாட்டின் எதிர்காலத்தையே தீர்மானிக்கப் போகிறது. அரசியல் கட்சிகளின் எதிர் காலத்தை மட்டுமின்றி இனி வர இருக்கும் தலை முறையின் எதிர்காலத்தையே தீர்மானிக்கப் போகிறது.

இந்தத் தேர்தல் எதிர்காலத்தில் இருக்கப் போவது  இந்தியாவா, ஹிந்து நாடா என்று தீர்மானிக்கப் போகிறது. திமுக தலைமையிலான மதச் சார்பற்ற முற்போக் குக் கூட்டணி மக்களின் நலனுக்கும், வளர்ச்சிக்கும் பாடுபடுவதற்கான கொள்கை அடிப்படைக் கூட்டணி என்றார் அவர். அஇஅதிமுக கூட்டணி சந்தர்ப்பவாத மானது.  வாக்குகளை அள்ளி வெற்றி பெறுவதே நோக்கம் என்று அந்தக் கட்சிகளே குறிப்பிட்டுள்ளன. கொள்கை அத்தனையையும் காற்றில் பறக்கவிட்டு விட்டன.

பா.ம.க. தலைவர் மருத்துவர் ராமதாசு தன் நிலைப்பாட்டை மாற்றிய வண்ணம் இருக்கிறார். திராவிடக் கட்சிகளோடு சேரும்போது கொள்கையை  மாற்றுவது என்பதே அவரது கொள்கை.

மத்திய அரசு அஇஅதிமுகவை அச்சுறுத்தி வைத்திருக்கிறது. அமைச்சர்களை வருமான வரிச் சோதனையையும், சி.பி.அய்.யையும் காட்டிப் பயமுறுத் துகிறது. அவர்கள் அடிமைகள். அமைச்சர் ஒருவர் 'மோடி எங்கள் டாடி' என்று சொல்கிறார்.

அவர்களின் தேர்தல் அறிக்கை கட்சிக் கூட்டத்தில் போட்ட தீர்மானங்கள் போல இருக்கிறது என்றார். வீரமணி. 'நீட்' தேர்விலிருந்து மாணவர்களுக்கு விலக்குக் கேட்கிறது. ஆனால் 'நீட்' உட்பட மாநிலத்தின் பல்வேறு குறைகளைத் தீர்ப்பதற்காக மத்திய அரசின் மீது அழுத்தம் கொடுப்பதற்கான எத்தனையோ வாய்ப்புகளை  அஇஅதிமுக அரசு நழுவ விட்டி ருக்கிறது.

கடந்த ஆண்டு பா.ஜ.க. அரசுக்கு எதிரான நம்பிக் கையில்லாத் தீர்மானத்தை எதிர்த்து அ.இ.அ.தி.மு.க. நாடாளுமன்ற உறுப்பினர்கள் வாக்களித்தார்கள். அது போலவே குடியரசுத் தலைவர் தேர்தலிலும் எதிர்த்து வாக்களித்தார்கள். ஆனால், மற்றபடி தங்களுக்குக் கிடைத்த வாய்ப்புகளை அந்தக் கட்சி பயன்படுத்திக் கொள்ளவில்லை. 'நீட்' தேர்வு தொடர்பான இரண்டு சட்ட வரைவுகளை மாநில அரசு நிறைவேற்றியது. இரண்டு, மூன்று ஆண்டுகள் ஆகியும் அவற்றின் கதி என்ன என்று தெரியாத நிலை. மத்திய அரசு அவற்றை அங்கீகரிக்கவில்லை. அதன் விளைவாக கார்ப்ப ரேட்டுகள் 'நீட்' தேர்வுகளில் லாபமடைந்து கொண்டி ருக்கிறார்கள். - இவ்வாறு 'டெக்கான் கிரானிக்கிள்' ஆங்கில  இதழுக்கு தமிழர் தலைவர் ஆசிரியர் கி. வீரமணி அவர்கள் அளித்த பேட்டியில் கூறியுள்ளார்.

ஆதாரம்: 'டெக்கான் கிரானிக்கிள்' மார்ச் 26, 2019

- விடுதலை நாளேடு, 27.3.19

வியாழன், 14 மார்ச், 2019

EVR Maniammaiar consolidated Periyar’s Dravidian movement

- Viduthalai deyli, 10.3.19

https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/100319/evr-maniammaiar-consolidated-periyars-dravidian-movement.html

*EVR Maniammaiar consolidated Periyar’s Dravidian movement*

CHENNAI: As the Dravidar Kazhagam (DK) is all set to launch the year-long statewide birth centenary celebrations of E V R Maniammaiar on March 10 (Sunday) at Vellore, political leaders here recalled her stellar role in consolidating the Dravidian Movement after the demise of its leader Thanthai Periyar E V Ramasamy.

When Periyar died in 1973, many virtually wrote off the 'Rationalist Movement' galvanized by him, initially as the leader of the erstwhile Justice Party and then when he founded the DK at the famous Salem conference in the early 1940s'.

The DK was, for all practical purposes the ideological successor to the Justice Party, carrying forward not only the tenets of rationalism, but also social justice.
Periyar's departure was a testing moment for the DK, for even his marriage to a much younger Maniammaiar years earlier had created a political controversy.

The DK leader K. Veeramani recalled that when Periyar wrote to his 'good old friend' Rajaji in 1949, then Governor General of India, requesting him to be a witness for the registration of his marriage with Maniyammaiar, Rajaji politely declined saying his position in the high office would not permit his to do so.

Given Maniyammai's young age then, Rajaji had also expressed apprehension whether she would "rise up to Periyar's expectations" and even advised Periyar to postpone the marriage, in a confidential communication to him. But Periyar went ahead, defending his marriage with Maniammai, as not for leading a wedded life, "but as an arrangement for the movement." In fact, it was many years later that Mr. Veeramani disclosed the letter to the world, after the demise of all the three leaders "as a piece of historical evidence."

However, the faith that Periyar had reposed in Maniammai was not to be belied. She rose to the occasion as a spirited, dedicated woman leader of the Dravidian Movement after Periyar's death and led the organisation from 1973 till her demise in 1978, pointed out Mr. Veeramani.

It was a period when Maniyammaiar undertook very important social, political and ideological tasks. Continuing Periyar's fight against any form of discrimination of humans based on their birth status, as President of DK, she wrote to the then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi to ban 'Ram Lila', a festive occasion in the North witnessed by even the President and the Prime Minister, while a vast section of people in the South felt burning Ravanna's effigy was an insult to Dravidian ethos.

Mr. Veeramani further recalled that Maniyammaiar had even organised a counter-celebration 'Ravana Lila'. Her role was even more "remarkable during the Emergency" when many cadres of the DK including Veeramani were detained in prison under 'MISA'.

While Maniyammaiar took several other initiatives on the social reforms front including establishing several schools and colleges during her tenure, particularly to promote women's education, she later endowed all her properties to the Dravidian Movement.

She thus kept the organisational morale of the DK high, in the footsteps of Periyar. The 'Nagammaiar Home' she established was a boon for many orp-
hans.

The late Chief Minister, M G Ramachandran was so impressed by her work in safeguarding the interests of the movement after Periyar's demise that he took steps not only to celebrate the birth centenary of Periyar in 1978-79, but also to adopt the reformed Tamil script as suggested by the rationalist leader.

All these vindicated the belief that Maniammaiar had consolidated the DK at that stage.

*Courtesy: DECCAN CHRONICLE, Mar 10, 2019*

வியாழன், 13 டிசம்பர், 2018

GANESA’S BIRTH IS HUMBUG




Ganesa is the most prominent among the Hindu deities, and has been worshipped by all the Hindus. He is called by hundreds of names like Ganapathi, Vinayaka, Vigneswara and so on.  No Hindu can deny that Ganesa is worshipped before the beginning of any activity, and he is also worshipped before any other god.

Let us go into the affairs of Ganesa, the most recognized and the most important of all gods.

Once when Parvati Devi, the wife of Siva, was going to take bath, she wanted to post a sentry to prevent anyone from entering the bathroom. So she rolled the dirt on her body into a lump and threw it on the floor.  It became a boy, to whom Parvati gave the responsibility of guarding the bathroom.  But Siva tried to enter the room and was prevented by the dirt ball of Ganesa who told him not to enter the room.  Siva got angry, cut off Ganesa’s head with  a single sweep of his sword, and made his entry into the bathroom.  When Parvati asked him how he entered the room when there was a guard at the gate, Siva replied that he had cut of the guard’s head. When Parvati heard that her son had been killed, she started rolling on the ground and crying. Seeing this Siva tried to bring the boy back to life by joining the severed head with the body, but was dismayed to find the head missing.  Hence he cut the head of the elephant that was close by and joined it on the body of the boy, to Parvati’s satisfaction. This story seems to have its source in Siva Puranam and Kanda Puranam.


Siva and Parvati happened to see in a forest two elephants (male and female) engaged in sexual union.  This sight induced in Siva and Parvati the desire to have sex and the result was a male child with an elephant’s face.


When Parvati was pregnant, an asura assumed the form of air, entered her womb and severed the head of the child. Parvati brought the child back to life by joining an elephant’s head to the body.  This episode is said to be found in Vinayaka Puranam.


Siva is supposed to have sent his elder son Ganesa to ravage Daksha’s fire sacrifice, when Daksha cut of Ganesa’s head. Then Siva sent his second son Subramanya to carry out the task.  The son went there and saw that his elder brother had been beheaded.  As the head could not be found anywhere, the younger brother joined an elephant head to the body and brought Ganesa back to life.  This episode seems to be found in Dakkayagaparani.


A few things must be accepted.  One is that Ganesa was the son of Siva and Parvati and the other one is that the elephant head is an unnatural formation.

If the most prominent deity has so many contradictory accounts and is supposed have had a birth and an upbringing, what about the other gods?  If a god has a father and the mother, should those father and mother not have their own father and mother?  In that case how can anybody accept that the gods came into being on their own?

It follows that we have to go in search of a different origin for god and the world.

When we start discussing god, it is said that god is one, he does not have a name, a shape or a character, he created himself, he is a form of energy or he is nature.  But later, the same people create crores  and  crores of gods and fabricate cart loads of obscene stories around them.  And we make people believe in them, worship them and conduct festivals for them.  The readers should ponder over the ignorance, fraud and effort involved in all these deeds.

Let us cite one example. At Chidambaram temple there is an elephant headed Ganesa who is inserting his trunk into the genital organ of the goddess (Vallabai) seated near him.  This can be seen by anyone, daily pujas are conducterd and a number of men and women have darshan of the these deities. In some temple cars, there is a Ganesa who inserts his trunk into the organ of a girl, lifts her and keeps her suspended in the air, while she remains there with her legs wide apart.  If anybody were to question about this obscenity, a mythological story is presented by way of explanation.

It seems there was a war betwen a god and an asura, and the god went on killing all the asuras  who appeared in front of him.  But the asuras was coming in multitude like moths, from the organ of a woman.  The god sought the help of Ganesa, who put his trunk into the woman’s organ and sucked away all the asuras who were emanating  from there.  What explanation do the ‘theists’ have for all such obscenities connected with gods?

Will it be enough if we are told that they were all written by somebody in the remote past? Are those writings not treasured even today? Are such gods not worshipped with consorts and vehicles?  We request the readers to ponder over these matters.

There are people who order the reformists how they should behave, and who shout that religion and gods are in danger.  Has anyone of these people who seek popular support come farward to remove such obscenities from religion?

No ‘theist’ is worried about such matters.  And they are interested in conducting Ganesa festival on the appropriate day, and carry on research in that regard.  They keep making speeches on these obscenities. When someone points them out, he is called an ‘atheist’.  We maintain that such activities cannot protect any god or any religion.

– Chitraputran


Courtesy: Kudi Arasu – 26th August 1928
(Periyar wrote the article in the pseudoname, ‘Chitraputran’)
Translated by Prof. A. Ayyasamy

 - the modern rationalist

By | on October 1, 2018

செவ்வாய், 11 டிசம்பர், 2018

PERIYAR BREAKS PILLAYAR IDOLS

By | on October 1, 2018




In 1953, Periyar conducted an agitation of breaking the Pillayar (Ganesa) idols, the purpose for which he putforth in the following words:

“We have to eradicate the gods who are responsible for the institution which portray us as sudras, people of low birth, and some others as Brahmins of high birth.  While the former go on toiling, without any education, whereas the latter can remain without exerting themselves.  We have to break the idols of these gods.  I start with Ganesa because it is he who is worshipped before undertaking any task.”

“When I say I am going to break idols no one should think that I am going to do it inside the temples or that I will enter the temple and create a ruckus there.  No one will enter the temple.  We will either ask potters to make idols resembling the god or buy the painted ones sold in the shops.  We will publicise when and where the breaking is to take place, gather people and break them on the roadsides.  I assure that no one will remove or cause any damage to the temple idols.”

– (From periyar speech at Mangudi, 28thApril 1953)

Periyar clarifies, “There is nothing to feel surprised or hesitant about breaking Pillayar idol.  Please let me know if there were a better means of expressing our feelings, you sudra ministers, sudra members of parliament and the legislature, educators including vice chancellors, reputed millionaires, scholars, lords, former zamindars, former maharajas, Sri La Sri Heads of mutts!  I am prepared to give a patient hearing to you.”

– (From statement by Periyar, ‘Viduthalai’: 07.05.1953)

Periyar chose a day for the idol breaking agitation – 27th May, which was the birthday of Buddha.  The breaking would take place at 6.30 in the evening, he announced.  He said while breaking it, the following announcement must be made. “I am breaking it for having made me born in the low birth, and made me a sudra, a bastard.”

All through the state thousands of idols were broken. A case was filed against Periyar in the court.  In the course of enquiry, the judge Raman Nair asked, “They made Pillayar idols and they broke them.  Why do you question that?” “We had heartburn while seeing Pillayar idol being broken,” was the reply. The judge countered them, “They did not start breaking all of a sudden.  They were propagating for three months.  Why did you foolishly go where the breaking took place?  And get heartburn?”  He dismissed the case.

The religious minded people said that they were happy. “As you go on breaking the idols, the number of idols will increase.  More temples will be built.”

Periyar said, “In that case, everything is fine.  I will give you the idols at my own expense.  You break them and spare me of my strain.”

Periyar made use of the agitation to register his opposition to caste system and varnasarma and to the god who is considered to be responsible for that.

- the modern rationalist

THE RIDDLE OF KRISHNA

THE RIDDLE OF KRISHNA


By | on October 1, 2018 

Thus Spake Ambedkar




Continuation from the previous issue…

Of all the indecencies of Krishna the worst is his illicit life with one Gopi by name Radha. Krishna’s illicit relations with Radha are portrayed in the Brahmavaivarta Purana. Krishna is married to Rukmani the daughter of King Rukmangad. Radha was married to ….. Krishna who abandons his lawfully wedded wife Rukmini, and seduces Radha, wife of another man and lives with her in sin, without remorse.

Krishna was also a warrior and a politician even at a very early age, we are told, when he was in his twelfth year. Every one of his acts whether as a warrior or as a politician was an immoral act. His first act in this sphere was the assassination of his maternal uncle Kamsa. ‘Assassination’ is not too strong a term for it, for though Kamsa had given him provocation, he was not killed in the course of a battle or even in a single combat. The story is that having heard God Krishna’s youthful feats at Brindaban, Kamsa got frightened and determined to secure his death by confronting him with a great athelete in an open exhibition of arms. Accordingly he announced the celebration of a dhanuryajna a bow sacrifice, and invited Krishna, Balarama and their Gopa friends to it. Akrura, an adherent of Krishna, but an officer of Kamsa, was deputed by the latter to bring the brothers to Mathura. They came, determined to kill Kamsa. He had provoked not only them, but other Yadavas also, whom his persecution had compelled to leave Mathura. The brothers were therefore supported by a conspiracy against him. Having arrived at Mathura, they desired to change their simple Gopa dress for a more decent one, and asked for clothes from Kamsa’s washerman, whom they met in the street. As the man behaved insolently with them, they killed him and took from his stock whatever clothes they liked. They then met Kubja, a hunch-backed woman who served as Kamsa’s perfumer. At their request she annointed them with sandal paste and in return was cured by Krishna of her bodily deformity. The Bhagvata makes him visit her on a subsequent occasion and describes his union with her with its characteristic indecency. However, on the present occasion, the brothers annointed by Kubja and garlanded by Sudama, a flower-seller, entered the place of sacrifice and broke the great bow to which the sacrifice was to be offered. The frightened Kamsa sent an elephant named Kuvalayapida to kill them. Krishna killed the elephant and entered the arena. There the brothers encountered Kamsa’s chosen athletes, Chanura, Mustika, Toshalaka and Andhra. Krishna killed Chanura and Toshalaka and Balarama the other two. Frustrated in his plan of securing Krishna’s death by stratagem Kamsa ordered the brothers and their Gopa friends to be turned out and banished from his kingdom, their herds to be confiscated and Vasudeva, Nanda and his own father Ugrasen to be assassinated. At this Krishna got upon the platform on which Kamsa was seated, and seizing him by the hair, threw him down on the ground and killed him. Having consoled Kamsa’s weeping wives he ordered a royal cremation for him, and refusing the kingdom offered him by Ugrasen, installed the latter on the throne and invited his banished relatives to return to Mathura.

The next episode is Krishna’s fight with Jarasandha, emperor of Magadha, and Kalayavana. Jarasandha was the son-in-law of Kamsa. Enraged by Krishna’s assassination of Kamsa, his son-in-law, Jarasandha is said to have invaded Mathura seventeen times and to have been every time repulsed by Krishna. Fearing, however, that an eighteenth invasion would be disastrous to the city, Krishna removed the Yadavas to Dwarka at the west end of Gujarat Peninsula. After the removal of the Yadavas from Mathura, the city was besieged by Kalayavana at the instigation of Jarasandha. While pursuing the unarmed Krishna, however, out of the city, the invader was burnt to ashes, by fire issuing from the eyes of king Muchakunda, who had been sleeping in a mountain cave and whom he had awakened with a kick mistaking him for Krishna. Krishna defeated the army of Kalayavana but while flying to Dwaraka with the booty, he was overtaken by Jarasandha. He, however, evaded his enemy by climbing a hill and flying to Dwaraka after jumping down from it.

Krishna was now, for the first time, married. He married Rukmini, daughter of Bhishmaka, king of Vidarbha. Her father, at Jarasandha’s advice, was making preparations to get her married to Sishupala, Krishna’s cousin and king of Chedi. But Krishna carried her off on the day before the proposed marriage. The Bhagavata says she had fallen in love with Krishna and had addressed a love letter to him. This does not seem to be true. For Krishna did not remain a true and faithful husband of Rukmini. Rukmini was gradually followed by an enormously vast army of co-wives till the number of Krishna’s consorts rose to sixteen thousand one hundred and eight. His children numbered one lakh and eighty-thousand. The chief of his wives were the well-known eight, Rukmini, Satyabhama, Jambavati, Kalindi, Mitrabinda, Satya, Bhadra, and Lakshmana. The remaining sixteen thousand and one hundred were married to him on the same day. They belonged originally to the harem of king Naraka of Pragjyotish whom Krishna defeated and killed at the invitation of Indra, whose mother’s ear-rings had been carried away by Naraka. While paying a visit after the battle to Indra’s heaven in company with Satyabhama, this lady took fancy to Indra’s famous parijat tree. To oblige his wife, Krishna had to fight with the God whom he had just favoured. Indra, though the chief of the Vedic Gods, and though he was helped by the latter on this occasion was indeed no match for the ‘Incarnation of the Supreme Being’ and was forced to part with his favourite flower-tree, which was thus carried to Dwarka and planted there. The story of how he obtained his chief eight wives is very interesting. The story of how he got Rukmini is already told. Satyabhama was the daughter of Satyajit, a Yadava chief who gave her away in marriage to Krishna because he was afraid of him and wished to buy his favour. Jambavati was the daughter of Jambavna, a bear chief, against whom Krishna waged a long war to recover a previous gem he had taken away from a Yadava. Jambavana was defeated and presented his daughter to Krishna, as a peace-offering. Kalindi went through a series of austerities in order to get Krishna as her husband and her devotion was rewarded by the marriage she had sought. Mitrabinda was a cousin of Krishna and was carried off by him from the Svayamvara grounds. Satya was the daughter of Nagnajit, king of Ayodhya and was won by Krishna when he had achieved a brave feat of arms, namely, killing a number of naughty bulls belonging to Nagnajit. Bhadra was another cousin of Krishna and was married by him in the usual way. Lakshmana was the daughter of Brihatsena, king of Madra. and was carried off by him from the Swayamavara grounds.

Krishna’s part in Arjuna’s marriage with Subhadra, sister of Balarama and Krishna’s half sister is noteworthy. In the course of his travels Arjuna arrived at the holy place of Prabhasa, and was received by Krishna on the hill of Raivataka. There he was enamoured of Subhadra and asked Krishna how he could get her. Krishna advised him to carry her off as a brave Kshatriya without depending upon the chances of a Svayamvaram, the usual Kshatriya form of marriage. The Yadavas were at first enraged at this outrage, but when Krishna convinced them that Arjuna would be a very worthy husband for Subhadra, and that by carrying her off he had done nothing unworthy of a hero, they consented to the union. And how could they do otherwise? Krishna did not simply argue like us, poor talkers. He, as we have already seen, had backed his precepts by his example.

It is interesting to note how Krishna disposed of Jarasandha and Sishupala who created trouble at the Rajasuya performed by Yudhisthira. Jarasandha had imprisoned a large number of kings and intended to sacrifice them to Rudra. Unless he was killed and the imprisoned princes released and given an opportunity to pay homage to Yudhisthira, the latter’s claim as emperor could not be established. Krishna therefore proceeded with Bhima and Arjuna to Rajagriha, Jarasandha’s capital, and challenged him to a single combat with anyone of them he might choose. Such a challenge could not be refused by a Kshatriya, and Jarasandha, at the anticipation of death at his opponent’s hand, declared his son Sahadev as his heir apparent and chose Bhima as his opponent. The combat lasted thirteen days, and Jarasandha at length met with a painful death at his rival’s hand. Having put Sahadev on his father’s throne, and invited the released princes to attend Yudhisthira’s Rajasuya, Krishna and his friends returned to Indraprastha.

In due course the Rajasuya came off. Of the various functions and duties connected with the ceremony, Krishna is said to have taken charge of washing the feet of the Brahmans. This is a sure indication of the comparative modernness of the Mahabharata, at any rate, of this story. For in ancient times, even when the supremacy of the Brahmans had been established, the Kshatriyas never paid them any servile honour. However when the sacrifice was over, the time came for Yudhisthira to make presents to the assembled princes, priests and other persons deserving honour. To whom must honour be paid first?

Yudhisthira having asked Bhishma’s opinion on the matter, the latter replied that Krishna was the person to be honoured first. Accordingly Sahadeva at Yudhishtira’s command presented the Arghya, the mark of honour, to Krishna, and the latter accepted it. This upset Sishupala, who made a long speech, challenging Krishna’s right to the honour and abusing the Pandavas for paying any honour and Krishna for accepting it. Bhishma made another speech narrating Krishna’s exploits and achievements at length, and declaring his divinity. Sishupala rose again, rebutted Bhishma’s arguments one after another, and grossly abused him. It is pointed out by Krishna’s recent biographers, that of the charges brought against Krishna by Sishupala, there is no mention of his dealings with the Brindaban Gopis, a sure indication, according to them, that when the Mahabharatha was composed, the story of these dealings of Krishna, a story made so much of by the writers of the Puranas and the later poets, was not conceived. However, at the end of Sishupala’s speech Bhishma, who saw that Yudhishtira was afraid lest Sishupala and his followers might obstruct the completion of the ceremony, said, addressing them that if they were resolved to die they might challenge the divine Krishna himself to fight. At this Sishupala challenged Krishna, who rose in response and narrated his opponent’s numerous misdeeds. Then with the words, “At the request of his mother, my aunt, I have pardoned a hundred of Sishupala’s offences. But I cannot pardon the insulting words he has spoken of me before the assembled princes: I kill him before you all”. He threw his chakra at him and cut off his head.

Actions of Krishna during the Mahabharata War may now be reviewed. The following are some of them:

When Satyaki, Krishna’s friend, was hard pressed by Bhurisrava, son of Somadatta, Krishna induced Arjuna to cut off his arms, and thereby made it easy for Satyaki to kill him.


When Abhimanyu was unfairly surrounded and killed by seven Kaurava warriors, Arjuna vowed the death of the ring leader, Jayadratha, next day before sunset, or, failing that his own death by entering into fire. When the Sun was about to set, and Jayadratha remained unslain, Krishna miraculously hid the Sun, on which Jayadratha, having come out Krishna uncovered the Sun, and Arjuna killed Jayadratha when he was unaware.


Despairing of Drona being ever killed by fair means Krishna advised the Pandavas to kill him unfairly. If he could be made to cast down his arms, he could, Krishna said, be killed easily. This could be done if he was told that his son, Asvathama was dead. Bhima tried the suggested device. He killed an elephant named after Drona’s son and told him that Asvathama was killed. The warrior was somewhat depressed by the news, but did not quite believe it. At this juncture he was hard pressed by a number of sages to cease fighting and prepare himself for heaven with meditations worthy of a Brahmana. This checked the hero still more and he applied to the truthful Yudhisthira for correct information about his son. Finding Yudhisthira unwilling to tell a lie, Krishna overcame his reluctance by a long exhortation, in the course of which he announced his ethics of untruth in the following edifying text from Vasishtha’s Smriti.


“In marriage, in amorous dealings, when one’s life is in danger, when the whole of one’s possession is going to be lost, and when a Brahman’s interest is at stake, untruth should be told. The wise have said that speaking untruth on these five occasions is not a sin.” Yudhisthir’s scruples were stifled, and he said to his preceptor, “Yes, Asvathama is killed” adding in a low voice, “that is, an elephant” which last words, however were not heard by Dron. His depression was complete, and on hearing some bitterly reproachful words from Bhima, he gave up his arms, and while sitting in a meditative posture, was killed by Dhristhadyumna.

When Bhima was unsuccessfully fighting with Duryodhana by the side of the Dvaipayana Lake Krishna reminded him through Arjuna that he had vowed the breaking of his opponent’s thighs. Now striking a rival below the navel was unfair, but as Duryodhana could not be killed except by such an unfair means, Krishna advised Bhima to adopt the same and Bhima did.”


The death of Krishna throws a flood of light on his morals. Krishna died as the Ruler of Dwaraka. What was this Dwaraka like and what sort of death awaited him?

In founding his city of Dwaraka he had taken care to settle thousands of ‘unfortunates’ there. As the Harivamsa said : ‘O, hero having conquerred the abodes of the Daityas (giants) with the help of brave Yadus, the Lord settled thousands of public women in Dwaraka”. Dancing, singing and drinking by men and women married and prostitutes filled the city of Dwaraka. We get a description of a sea trip in which these women formed a principal source of enjoyment. Excited by their singing and dancing, the brothers Krishna and Balarama joined in the dancing with their wives. They were followed by the other Yadava chiefs and by Arjuna and Narada. Then a fresh excitement was sought. Men and women all fell into the sea and at Krishna’s suggestion, the gentlemen began a jalakrida water sport, with the ladies, Krishna leading one party, and Balarama another, while the courtesans added to the amusement by their music. This was followed by eating and drinking and this again by a special musical performance in which the leaders themselves exhibited their respective skill in handling various musical instruments. It will thus be seen what a jolly people these Yadavas were, and with what contempt they would have treated the objections urged nowadays by the Brahmans and such other purists against nautch parties and the native theatres. It was in one of these revels—a drunken revel—that the Yadavas were destroyed. They, it is said, had incurred the displeasure of a number of sages by a childish trick played on the latter by some of their boys. These boys disguised Samba, one of Krishna’s sons, as a woman with child, tying an iron pestle below his navel, and asked the sages to say what child the ‘woman’ would give birth to. The enraged sage said ‘she’ would produce an iron pestle which would be the ruin of the Yadavas. Fearing the worst consequences from this curse, the boys took the pestle to the sea-side and rubbed it away. But its particles came out in the form of erakas, a kind of reeds and its last remaining bit, which had been thrown into the sea, was afterwards recovered and used by a hunter as the point of an arrow; Now it was with these erakas that the Yadavas killed themselves. They had gone in large parties to the holy place of Prabhasa. They indulged in drinking there and this proved their ruin. The evils of drinking there had been found out at length by Krishna and some other Yadava leaders, and it was prohibited on pain of death by a public notification. But the prohibition had no effect. The drunken Yadavas at first quarrelled and then began to fight and kill one another. When some of Krishna’s own sons were killed he himself joined in the fight and killed a large number of his own people. He then went in search of Balarama. He found him in meditative posture and saw his spirit passing out of his body in the form of a large serpent i.e., Sesha Naga, the divine snake whom he had incarnated. Krishna now felt that it was time for him also to pass away. He then bade farewell to his father and his wives, telling them that he had sent for Arjuna, who would take charge of them. Then he seated himself under a tree, hidden by its leafy and outstretching branches, and composed his mind in meditation. While thus sitting, a hunter named Jara mistook him for a deer and hit him with an arrow, one pointed with the last remaining bit of the fatal pestle. Discovering his mistake, the man fell at Krishna’s feet and was pardoned and flew away to heaven, illumining all sides by its dazzling light. Arjuna came and proceeded towards Hastinapur with the surviving Yadavas—men and women. But his good genius having left him he had lost the power of his hitherto mighty arm and his unrivalled skill as an archer. A number of Ahiras, armed only with lathis, attacked his party and carried off many of the women, and he reached Hastinapur only with a small remnant. After Arjuna’s departure the sea engulfed Dwaraka, and nothing was left to speak of the Yadavas, their glories, their domestic broils and their revels.

to be continued….

Source: ‘Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar’s Writings and Speeches’ Volume IV, Riddles of Rama and Krishna, published by the Government of Maharashtra, 1987
- the modern rationalist

 

THE RIDDLE OF KRISHNA

By | on November 1, 2018 

Continuation from the previous issue…

Yudhisthira having asked Bhishma’s opinion on the matter, the latter replied that Krishna was the person to be honoured first. Accordingly Sahadeva at Yudhishtira’s command presented the Arghya, the mark of honour, to Krishna, and the latter accepted it. This upset Sishupala, who made a long speech, challenging Krishna’s right to the honour and abusing the Pandavas for paying any honour and Krishna for accepting it. Bhishma made another speech narrating Krishna’s exploits and achievements at length, and declaring his divinity. Sishupala rose again, rebutted Bhishma’s arguments one after another, and grossly abused him. It is pointed out by Krishna’s recent biographers, that of the charges brought against Krishna by Sishupala, there is no mention of his dealings with the Brindaban Gopis, a sure indication, according to them, that when the Mahabharatha was composed, the story of these dealings of Krishna, a story made so much of by the writers of the Puranas and the later poets, was not conceived. However, at the end of Sishupala’s speech Bhishma, who saw that Yudhishtira was afraid lest Sishupala and his followers might obstruct the completion of the ceremony, said, addressing them that if they were resolved to die they might challenge the divine Krishna himself to fight. At this Sishupala challenged Krishna, who rose in response and narrated his opponent’s numerous misdeeds. Then with the words, “At the request of his mother, my aunt, I have pardoned a hundred of Sishupala’s offences. But I cannot pardon the insulting words he has spoken of me before the assembled princes: I kill him before you all”. He threw his chakra at him and cut off his head.

Actions of Krishna during the Mahabharata War may now be reviewed. The following are some of them:

  1. When Satyaki, Krishna’s friend, was hard pressed by Bhurisrava, son of Somadatta, Krishna induced Arjuna to cut off his arms, and thereby made it easy for Satyaki to kill him.
  2. When Abhimanyu was unfairly surrounded and killed by seven Kaurava warriors, Arjuna vowed the death of the ring leader, Jayadratha, next day before sunset, or, failing that his own death by entering into fire. When the Sun was about to set, and Jayadratha remained unslain, Krishna miraculously hid the Sun, on which Jayadratha, having come out Krishna uncovered the Sun, and Arjuna killed Jayadratha when he was unaware.
  3. Despairing of Drona being ever killed by fair means Krishna advised the Pandavas to kill him unfairly. If he could be made to cast down his arms, he could, Krishna said, be killed easily. This could be done if he was told that his son, Asvathama was dead. Bhima tried the suggested device. He killed an elephant named after Drona’s son and told him that Asvathama was killed. The warrior was somewhat depressed by the news, but did not quite believe it. At this juncture he was hard pressed by a number of sages to cease fighting and prepare himself for heaven with meditations worthy of a Brahmana. This checked the hero still more and he applied to the truthful Yudhisthira for correct information about his son. Finding Yudhisthira unwilling to tell a lie, Krishna overcame his reluctance by a long exhortation, in the course of which he announced his ethics of untruth in the following edifying text from Vasishtha’s Smriti.

“In marriage, in amorous dealings, when one’s life is in danger, when the whole of one’s possession is going to be lost, and when a Brahman’s interest is at stake, untruth should be told. The wise have said that speaking untruth on these five occasions is not a sin.” Yudhisthir’s scruples were stifled, and he said to his preceptor, “Yes, Asvathama is killed” adding in a low voice, “that is, an elephant” which last words, however were not heard by Dron. His depression was complete, and on hearing some bitterly reproachful words from Bhima, he gave up his arms, and while sitting in a meditative posture, was killed by Dhristhadyumna.

  1. When Bhima was unsuccessfully fighting with Duryodhana by the side of the Dvaipayana Lake Krishna reminded him through Arjuna that he had vowed the breaking of his opponent’s thighs. Now striking a rival below the navel was unfair, but as Duryodhana could not be killed except by such an unfair means, Krishna advised Bhima to adopt the same and Bhima did.”

The death of Krishna throws a flood of light on his morals. Krishna died as the Ruler of Dwaraka. What was this Dwaraka like and what sort of death awaited him?

In founding his city of Dwaraka he had taken care to settle thousands of ‘unfortunates’ there. As the Harivamsa said : ‘O, hero having conquerred the abodes of the Daityas (giants) with the help of brave Yadus, the Lord settled thousands of public women in Dwaraka”. Dancing, singing and drinking by men and women married and prostitutes filled the city of Dwaraka. We get a description of a sea trip in which these women formed a principal source of enjoyment. Excited by their singing and dancing, the brothers Krishna and Balarama joined in the dancing with their wives. They were followed by the other Yadava chiefs and by Arjuna and Narada. Then a fresh excitement was sought. Men and women all fell into the sea and at Krishna’s suggestion, the gentlemen began a jalakrida water sport, with the ladies, Krishna leading one party, and Balarama another, while the courtesans added to the amusement by their music. This was followed by eating and drinking and this again by a special musical performance in which the leaders themselves exhibited their respective skill in handling various musical instruments. It will thus be seen what a jolly people these Yadavas were, and with what contempt they would have treated the objections urged nowadays by the Brahmans and such other purists against nautch parties and the native theatres. It was in one of these revels—a drunken revel—that the Yadavas were destroyed. They, it is said, had incurred the displeasure of a number of sages by a childish trick played on the latter by some of their boys. These boys disguised Samba, one of Krishna’s sons, as a woman with child, tying an iron pestle below his navel, and asked the sages to say what child the ‘woman’ would give birth to. The enraged sage said ‘she’ would produce an iron pestle which would be the ruin of the Yadavas. Fearing the worst consequences from this curse, the boys took the pestle to the sea-side and rubbed it away. But its particles came out in the form of erakas, a kind of reeds and its last remaining bit, which had been thrown into the sea, was afterwards recovered and used by a hunter as the point of an arrow; Now it was with these erakas that the Yadavas killed themselves. They had gone in large parties to the holy place of Prabhasa. They indulged in drinking there and this proved their ruin. The evils of drinking there had been found out at length by Krishna and some other Yadava leaders, and it was prohibited on pain of death by a public notification. But the prohibition had no effect. The drunken Yadavas at first quarrelled and then began to fight and kill one another. When some of Krishna’s own sons were killed he himself joined in the fight and killed a large number of his own people. He then went in search of Balarama. He found him in meditative posture and saw his spirit passing out of his body in the form of a large serpent i.e., Sesha Naga, the divine snake whom he had incarnated. Krishna now felt that it was time for him also to pass away. He then bade farewell to his father and his wives, telling them that he had sent for Arjuna, who would take charge of them. Then he seated himself under a tree, hidden by its leafy and outstretching branches, and composed his mind in meditation. While thus sitting, a hunter named Jara mistook him for a deer and hit him with an arrow, one pointed with the last remaining bit of the fatal pestle. Discovering his mistake, the man fell at Krishna’s feet and was pardoned and flew away to heaven, illumining all sides by its dazzling light. Arjuna came and proceeded towards Hastinapur with the surviving Yadavas—men and women. But his good genius having left him he had lost the power of his hitherto mighty arm and his unrivalled skill as an archer. A number of Ahiras, armed only with lathis, attacked his party and carried off many of the women, and he reached Hastinapur only with a small remnant. After Arjuna’s departure the sea engulfed Dwaraka, and nothing was left to speak of the Yadavas, their glories, their domestic broils and their revels.

Concluded

Source: ‘Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar’s Writings and Speeches’ Volume IV, Riddles of Rama and Krishna, published by the Government of Maharashtra, 1987

-  the modern rationalist

NO ‘THALIS’ FOR WOMEN IN THIS ‘SELF-RESPECT’ VILLAGE




Arjunan and Thaniarasu who were the first self-respect marriage couple of Chikkedikuppam village, looking at the register book that records such marriages


Shanmugasundaram J


In a state that for long took pride in wearing the Dravidian ideology on its sleeve, the 4,000 families of Chikkedikuppam and other villages – located 60 km from Villupuram, Tamil Nadu – revere Dravidar Kazhagam founder and rationalist Periyar E.V. Ramasamy in more ways than one.

For close to half a century, the villagers have shunned caste, dowry and all forms of superstitions. The married women of Chikkedikuppam and its surrounding villages in the panchayats of Kottapundi, Kottugankuppam, Athianthal and Kovilpuraiyur, do not wear mangalsutras (thali), reflecting the Dravidian concept of self-respect marriages.

“More than a 1,000 couples in and around Chikkedikuppam got married by signing an agreement.  No bride-groom demands or takes dowry from the bride and her family.  In fact, dowry is something unheard of in the village in the last 50 years,” said 85-year-old Arjunan of the village.  Arjunan and his wife Thaniarasu was the first couple to have gone through such a self respect marriage.  They entered into wedlock on January 7, 1968, particularly choosing the day as it was considered inauspicious.

“The couples are leading a happy life, with children and grandchildren.  Women are given more importance in our families,” said Arjunan’s son Periyar, who runs a school named E.V. Ramasamy.

They have also been naming their children with typical Tamil names – Thendral, ‘Viduthalai’ Virumpi, Mathiazhagan, Thamilthendral, Senthamil Kanini and Thenarasu.  Many of the women, men and youngsters in the village have mastered the martial art of Silambam, turning to it to lead a disciplined way of life.

It all started during the 1960s.  Then, Chikkedikuppam had a dark side to it.  Brewing and selling of arrack was rampant, and many women had lost their husbands to it, recall villagers.

“We desperately looked for ways to wean our men from it.  It was then that we attended a meeting addressed by Periyar at Malaiyanur.  We were moved by his speech, and decided to follow and spread his ideas for self-discipline, gender equality and to do away with caste discrimination,” said N Kathavarayan, who is in his 70s.  He was known as rationalist singer (pagutharivu padakar)during the time and along with other followers of Periyar, propagated his ideologies through dramas.

Source: ‘The Times of India’
The modern rationalist
By | on November 2, 2018